Naptalam (Ref: ACP 322)-Pesticide database

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Naptalam (Ref: ACP 322)

(Also known as: alanap; naptalam-sodium; naphthalam)

Naptalam is a broad-spectrum herbicide. It is usually used as the sodium salt as this is more soluble. Whilst naptalam is not particularly toxic to humans its major metabolite 1-naphthylamine is a carcinogen. Its environmental fate is pH sensitive. It may pose a threat to groundwaters. Virtually non toxic to mammals, birds, honeybees and most aquatic species. No data for eathworms has been identified.

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability; Drainflow: Mobile Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Possible Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

A pre-emergence herbicide used for the control of a wide range of weeds and grasses in food and non-food crops

Example pests controlled

Annual broad-leaved weeds; Grasses

Example applications

Soybean; Peanuts; Cucumbers; Melons; Curcubits; Cranberries; Woody ornamentals

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Introduction & key dates

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Chemical structure

Chemical formula

C₁₈H₁₃NO₃

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC=C2NC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)O

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

JXTHEWSKYLZVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C18H13NO3/c20-17(14-9-3-4-10-15(14)18(21)22)19-16-11-5-7-12-6-1-2-8-13(12)16/h1-11H,(H,19,20)(H,21,22)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
naptalam	-

Substance groups

Phthalamate compound; Amide herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Selective, absorbed by roots and to a lesser extent foliage. Inhibits indolylacetic acid transport.

US EPA chemical code

CLP index number

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid

2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid

Other status information

Potential groundwater contaminant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Examples of recorded resistance

Crytalline solid

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Chemtura
Uniroyal
Vertac

Example products using this active

Ancrack
Klean Krop
Rescue
Alanap
Grelutin

Formulation and application details

Available as liquids for dilution and in granular formulations.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Source; quality score; and other information

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data

C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data

C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data

C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data

Melting point (°C)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.63 X 10⁰⁵

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Fat solubility of residues

Density (g ml⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Source; quality score; and other information

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Best available data US EPA; Other sources: DT₅₀ 36.7 days (DW2)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Moderately fast

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Source; quality score; and other information

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Notes and range

Best available data

Notes and range

Source; quality score; and other information

GUS leaching potential index

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

1.24 X 10⁰⁰

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

1-naphthylamine
Note: Carcinogenic

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

L1 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
1 = Estimated data with little or no verification

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Daphnia magna

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
3 = Unverified data of known source

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

Source; quality score; and other information

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

EU MRL pesticide database

GB MRL Register

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Specific human health issues

Endocrine disruptor

XNo, known not to cause a problem

A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
3 = Negative

B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data

C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative

XNo, known not to cause a problem

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

?Possibly, status not identified

XNo, known not to cause a problem

XNo, known not to cause a problem

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin sensitiser

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

?Possibly, status not identified

?Possibly, status not identified

General human health issues

Possible liver toxicant

Handling issues

Value and interpretation

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302
Environment: H412

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

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