Halofenozide (Ref: RH 0345)-Pesticide database

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Halofenozide (Ref: RH 0345)

(Also known as: halofenoxide; CL 290816)

Halofenozide is a soil insecticide. It has a low aqueous solubility and, based on its chemical properties, it may have a tendency to leach to groundwater. It can be persistent in soil systems and, under certain conditions, may also persist in aquatic systems. Whilst it has a relatively low mammalian toxicity there is some concern regarding its potential to bioaccumulate. It is moderately toxic to many aquatic species, honey bees and earthworms but is only slightly toxic to birds.

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Persistent; GUS: High leachability	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health Moderate alert: Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

A insecticide for the larval stage control of insects on grass

Example pests controlled

White grub larvae including those from Japanese beetles, Northern and Northern masked chafers, Oriental beetles, Lepidoptera karvae including cutworms, sod wetworms and armyworms

Example applications

Lawns; Golf courses; Turf

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries

Introduction & key dates

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Chemical structure

Chemical formula

C₁₈H₁₉ClN₂O₂

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)(C)N(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

CNKHSLKYRMDDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C18H19ClN2O2/c1-18(2,3)21(17(23)14-7-5-4-6-8-14)20-16(22)13-9-11-15(19)12-10-13/h4-12H,1-3H3,(H,20,22)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Insecticide, Insect Growth Regulator

Substance groups

Diacylhydrazine insecticide; Monochlorobenzene insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Systemic with stomach action. Disrupts the hormonal systems that control insect growth and moulting. Ecdysone receptor agonist

US EPA chemical code

CLP index number

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N-tert-butyl-N'-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzohydrazide

4-chlorobenzoic acid 2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

White crystalline solid with mild amino odour

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Dow AgroSciences
VPG Texas USA

Example products using this active

Mach 2
Natural Guard Grub Control

Formulation and application details

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Source; quality score; and other information

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here )
4 = Verified data

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Melting point (°C)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Fat solubility of residues

Density (g ml⁻¹)

F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Source; quality score; and other information

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here )
4 = Verified data

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

DT₅₀ 219 days aerobic, 60.0 days anaerobic; Other sources: 129 days (DW4); 68 (silt loam) to 818 (sand loam) (F4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
3 = Unverified data of known source

Published literature RL₅₀ range 5.0-100 days, grass, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Moderately fast

Value for pond water

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

pH variable: DT₅₀ 310 days at pH 5, 481 days at pH 7, 226 days at pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Source; quality score; and other information

A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data

Moderately mobile

Notes and range

EU dossier 1031 mL g⁻¹ (US3, DW3), 224-279 mL g⁻¹ (L3); 149-360 mL g⁻¹ (F4)

Notes and range

Source; quality score; and other information

GUS leaching potential index

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source

Worst case data

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source

Eisenia foetida

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes

Apis mellifera

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
3 = Unverified data of known source

Gambusia affinis 15 day

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes

Daphnia magna

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data

Daphnia magna

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Americamysis bahia

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

Source; quality score; and other information

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

EU MRL pesticide database

GB MRL Register

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Specific human health issues

Endocrine disruptor

XNo, known not to cause a problem

A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
0 = No data

B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data

C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative

XNo, known not to cause a problem

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

XNo, known not to cause a problem

XNo, known not to cause a problem

?Possibly, status not identified

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin sensitiser

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

General human health issues

May cause methemoglobinemia
Possible blood, liver and CNS toxicant

Handling issues

Value and interpretation

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317
Environment: H411

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

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