Fonofos (Ref: N-2790)-Pesticide database

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Fonofos (Ref: N-2790)

(Also known as: fonophos; dyfonate; difonate)

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute unknown ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

An obsolete soil acting insecticide once used on various crops but predominately corn to control various sucking pests

Example pests controlled

Aphids, Corn rootworm; Wireworm; Cutworms; White grubs; Corn maggots; Symphylans

Example applications

Vegetables including asparagus, beans, onions, peppers, sweet potatoes; Ornamentals; Corn; Turf and lawns

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries

Introduction & key dates

1965, first reported

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Chemical structure

A chiral molecule existing in the R- and S-forms. The R-isomer is more biologically active than the S-isomer.

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₁₅OPS₂

Canonical SMILES

CCOP(=S)(CC)SC1=CC=CC=C1

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

KVGLBTYUCJYMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H15OPS2/c1-3-11-12(13,4-2)14-10-8-6-5-7-9-10/h5-9H,3-4H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Substance groups

Organophosphate insecticide; Phenyl ethylphosphonothioate insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Cholinesterase inhibitor. Non-systemic with contact and stomach action.

Alternative/old CAS RN

66767-39-3; 62705-71-9; 62680-03-9

US EPA chemical code

CLP index number

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

(RS)-O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate

O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate

Other status information

Potential groundwater contaminant; Severe Marine Pollutant; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Examples of recorded resistance

Delia antiqua, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Sedes nigromaculis, Diabrotica virgifera

Clear colourless to yellow coloured liquid

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Stauffer Chemical Co.
Zeneca

Example products using this active

Capfos
Edge
Tenax
Tycap
Dyfonate

Formulation and application details

Available in a wide variety of different formulations including granules, suspension concentrates and seed treatments

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Source; quality score; and other information

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Melting point (°C)

Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Boiling point (°C)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Fat solubility of residues

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data

Moderately volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Source; quality score; and other information

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

General literature DT₅₀ range 48-150 days (R2)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Moderately persistent

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Source; quality score; and other information

G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Slightly mobile

Notes and range

Notes and range

Source; quality score; and other information

GUS leaching potential index

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Lepomis macrochirus

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
3 = Unverified data of known source

Lepomis macrochirus 30 day

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Daphnia magna

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
3 = Unverified data of known source

Daphnia magna

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Americamysis bahia

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Chironomus riparius 2 day

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

K2 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

Unknown species

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

Unknown species

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

Source; quality score; and other information

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

May be absorbed through the skin

EU MRL pesticide database

GB MRL Register

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Specific human health issues

Endocrine disruptor

XNo, known not to cause a problem

A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
0 = No data

B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data

C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

?Possibly, status not identified

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

✓Yes, known to cause a problem

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin sensitiser

XNo, known not to cause a problem

XNo, known not to cause a problem

General human health issues

Highly toxic
Ingestion may cause nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea

Handling issues

Value and interpretation

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H300, H310
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Ia (Extremely hazardous)

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

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