Bromofenoxim (Ref: C9122)-Pesticide database

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Bromofenoxim (Ref: C9122)

(Also known as: bromophenoxim)

Bromofenoxim is an obsolete phenoxy selective herbicide. It has a low aqueous solubility and is not considered highly volatile. It is not expected to be persistent in soil or water systems. Nor is it expected to leach to groundwater. It has a low to moderate toxicity to most fauna and flora. Bromofenoxim is moderately toxic via the oral route to mammals but other health related information is scarce.

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Potential for particle bound transport: High	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

An obsolete phenoxy selective herbicide once used for grass and broad-leaved weed control especially in cereal crops

Example pests controlled

Brome grass; Barnyardgrass; Crabgrass; Fat hen; Lambsquarters

Example applications

Cereals; Miaze; Grass seed crops; New turf; Linseed (post-emergence)

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries

Introduction & key dates

1969, first reported

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Chemical structure

Chemical formula

C₁₃H₇Br₂N₃O₆

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC(=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])ONC=C2C=C(C(=O)C(=C2)Br)Br

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

XTFNPKDYCLFGPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C13H7Br2N3O6/c14-9-3-7(4-10(15)13(9)19)6-16-24-12-2-1-8(17(20)21)5-11(12)18(22)23/h1-6,19H/b16-6-

2D structure diagram/image available?

Substance groups

Dinitrophenyl oxime herbicide; Phenoxy herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Photosynthesis inhibitor with contact action, generates bromoxynil

US EPA chemical code

CLP index number

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2,6-dibromo-4-[(E)-N-(2,4-dinitrophenoxy)methanimidoyl]phenol

3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenyloxime

3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)oxime

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Examples of recorded resistance

Off-white coloured crystals

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Ciba AG
Novartis

Example products using this active

Dicoprime
Faneron

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a wettable powder, a suspension concentrate or as a soluble concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Source; quality score; and other information

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Melting point (°C)

Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Fat solubility of residues

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Source; quality score; and other information

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

General literature DT₅₀: 0.7-145 days (R3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
4 = Verified data

Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility

Source; quality score; and other information

P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
3 = Unverified data of known source

Slightly mobile

Notes and range

Best available data

Notes and range

Source; quality score; and other information

GUS leaching potential index

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

bromoxynil (Ref: ENT 20852)

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Coturnix japonica

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Unknown species

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Harmless at dose 5.1 kg ha⁻¹

AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005
3 = Unverified data of known source

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Harmfull at dose 5.2 kg ha⁻¹

AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005
3 = Unverified data of known source

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Source; quality score; and other information

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Daphnia magna

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Unknown species

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

Source; quality score; and other information

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

EU MRL pesticide database

GB MRL Register

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Specific human health issues

Endocrine disruptor

A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
0 = No data

B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data

C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data

E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
0 = No data

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

XNo, known not to cause a problem

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin sensitiser

?Possibly, status not identified

?Possibly, status not identified

General human health issues

Harmful if swallowed

Handling issues

Value and interpretation

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

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