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Bromacil (Ref: DPX N0976)
(Also known as: borocil; herbicide 976)
SUMMARY
Bromacil is a soil acting uracil herbicide which is is used to control both annual and perennial weeds, although some essential uses may be authorised. It is highly solublein water and many organic solvents. It is not considered volatile. It may be persistent in soil and water systems depending on local conditions. Theres is also concerns regarding its potenrial to leach to groundwater. It tends to demonstrate a low to moderate toxicity to most fauna and flora. Iit has a moderate mammalian oral toxicity and no other serious human health concerns have been identified.
Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate Ecotoxicity Human health
Environmental fate
High alert:
GUS: High leachability; Drainflow: Mobile
Warning:
Significant data are missing
Ecotoxicity
Moderate alert:
Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate
Human health
Moderate alert:
Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Possible Carcinogen; Possible Endocrine distrupter
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
A soil acting uracil herbicide used to control a wide variety of annual and perennial weeds mainly on non-crop areas and fruit
Example pests controlled
Barnyardgrass; Crabgrass; Henbit; Lambsquarters; Purslane; Annual sedge; Mustard; Bermudagrass; Nutsedge
Example applications
Fruit including citrus, pineapples; Brush; Roads, rights-of-way, railways, pavements
Efficacy & activity
-
Availability status
Current
Introduction & key dates
1961, USA
UK regulatory status
UK COPR regulatory status
Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires
Expired
UK LERAP status
No UK approval for use
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
Not applicable
Listed in EU database
Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
                 
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
                 
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
                 
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries
ISIceland
NONorway
                 
Additional information
Also used in
Australia, USA
Chemical structure
Isomerism
A chiral molecule existing in the R- and S-forms. This substance is a mixture of both forms.
Chemical formula
C₉H₁₃BrN₂O₂
Canonical SMILES
CCC(C)N1C(=O)C(=C(NC1=O)C)Br
Isomeric SMILES
No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)
CTSLUCNDVMMDHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
InChI=1S/C9H13BrN2O2/c1-4-5(2)12-8(13)7(10)6(3)11-9(12)14/h5H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,11,14)
2D structure diagram/image available?
Yes
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams
Common Name Relationship Link
bromacil Unstated isomer
General status
Pesticide type
Herbicide
Substance groups
Uracil herbicide
Minimum active substance purity
-
Known relevant impurities
-
Substance origin
Synthetic
Mode of action
Absorbed mainly via root system, non-selective. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II).
CAS RN
314-40-9
EC number
206-245-1
CIPAC number
139
US EPA chemical code
012301
PubChem CID
9411
CLP index number
No data found
Molecular mass
261.12
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
rac-(3R)-5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
IUPAC name
(RS)-5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil
CAS name
5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
Other status information
Potential groundwater contaminant; Potential marine pollutant; PAN Bad Actor Chemical
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)
C1
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)
5
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)
Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)
Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
White crystals
Related substances & organisms
Formulations
Property
Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
  • Nufarm
  • DuPont
  • Loveland
  • Makhteshim-Agan
Example products using this active
  • Hyvar X bromoacil
  • Borocil 1V
  • Cynogan
  • Borea
  • Krovar II
  • Urgan
Formulation and application details
Available in a variety of formulations including wettable powders, water soluble liquids and granules.
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
815
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
4 = Verified data
 High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
167000
C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
Acetone		 -
134000
C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
Ethanol		 -
32000
C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
Xylene		 -
Melting point (°C)
158.5
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Boiling point (°C)
Decomposes before boiling
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Degradation point (°C)
158
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Flashpoint (°C)
- - -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
7.59 X 1001 Calculated -
Log P
1.88
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
 Low
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
- - -
Data type
- - -
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.59
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
9.27
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
 -
Very weak acid
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
4.10 X 10-02
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
 Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
1.50 X 10-05
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
 Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
- - -
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
- - -
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
60
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 Moderately persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₅₀ (field)
- - -
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₉₀ (field)
- - -
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
- - -
Note
Other sources: DT₅₀ 5-6 months in silt loam soil (R3)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
Stable
V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Stable
Note
Stable at pH 5 and pH 7
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
Stable
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 Stable
Note
Stable at all relevant pHs
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd
-
G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Mobile
Koc
32
Notes and range
Other sources: log Koc 1.51 (Q3); General literature: Koc 2.3 to 289 (CA3)
Freundlich
Kf
2.9
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 Moderately mobile
Kfoc
117
1/n
0.917
Notes and range
Data for freshwater sediments Kf range 0.56-6.35 mL.g, Kfoc range 26.3-289 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.89-0.98, Soils = 9
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
3.44 Calculated High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
5.51 X 10-01 Calculated -
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Medium Calculated -
Potential for loss via drain flow
Mobile Calculated -
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
2.8
F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data
Whole fish		 Low potential
CT₅₀ (days)
Not available -
Known soil metabolites
Metabolite
Major/Minor fraction
Estimated maximum occurrence fraction
Notes
5-bromo-6-methyluracil
- - Aerobic
5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-hydroxymethyluracil
- - Aerobic
3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil
- - Aerobic
5-bromo-3-(alpha-hydroxymethylpropyl)-6-methyluracil
- - Aerobic
Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

None
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
1300
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL
(mg kg⁻¹)
-
L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Rat 2 year		 -
(ppm diet)
50 -
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 2250
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Colinus virginianus		 Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)
- - -
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Soil micro-organisms
- - -
Collembola
Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Non-target plants
- - -
- - -
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
> 100
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Low
Chronic
- - -
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Other bee species (1)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Other bee species (2)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)
Harmless at dose 960 g ha⁻¹
AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005
2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Chrysoperla carnea		 -
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)
Harmless at dose 960 g ha⁻¹
AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005
2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Typhlodromus pyri		 -
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)
- - -
Aquatic ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 36
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Lepomis macrochirus		 Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
> 95.6
L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Pimephales promelas		 Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 119
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Daphnia magna		 Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 67.0
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
Americamysis bahia		 Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)
0.013
C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available.
4 = Verified data
Unknown species		 Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)
0.01
J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here )
4 = Verified data
Green algae population study		 Moderate
Mesocosm study data
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
General
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)
High (class III) - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
1300
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)
5000
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rabbit		 -
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
5.6
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints
- - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
Dermal penetration studies (%)
- - -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464
- - -
Exposure Routes
Public
-
Occupational
-
MRLs
European
EU MRL pesticide database 
Great Britain
GB MRL Register 
Notes
-
Drinking Water Standards
- - -
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)
- - -
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate
Excreted primarily in the urine
G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Health issues
Specific human health issues
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
?Possibly, status not identified
A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
3 = Negative
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative
?Possibly, status not identified
Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant
XNo, known not to cause a problem
XNo, known not to cause a problem
XNo, known not to cause a problem
Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser
?Possibly, status not identified
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found
Eye irritant Phototoxicant  
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found  
General human health issues
May cause inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucous membranes, gastroenteritis or liver damage
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
Not expected to autoignite; Not highly flammable
CLP classification 2013
Health: H302, H315, H319, H335
Environment: H400, H410
WHO Classification
U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)
UN Number
UN3077
Waste disposal & packaging
Packaging Group III (minor danger)
Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity
-
TRANSLATIONS
Language
Name
English
bromacil
French
bromacil
German
Bromacil
Danish
bromacil
Italian
bromacile
Spanish
bromacilo
Greek
-
Polish
bromacyl
Swedish
-
Hungarian
-
Dutch
-
Norwegian
-
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