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ACC
(Not known by any other names)
SUMMARY
ACC is an amino acid herbicide and plant growth regulator. It is soluble in water but much less so in organic solvents. Published data regarding its environmental fate are limited. Soil degradation is expected to be rapid. ACC is quite mobile. It has a low to moderate toxicity to terrestrial aminals and a low to moderate toxicity to most aquatic life the execption being algae where it is considered highly toxic. No significant concerns have been identified concerning human health.
Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate Ecotoxicity Human health
Environmental fate
Moderate alert:
Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium
Warning:
Significant data are missing
Ecotoxicity
Moderate alert:
Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate
Human health
Low alert
Warning:
Significant data are missing
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
An ethylene releasing substance used as a plant growth regulator to aid maturation
Example pests controlled
Ripening process
Example applications
Field crops; Fruit trees including apples
Efficacy & activity
-
Availability status
Current
Introduction & key dates
1979, first discovered
UK regulatory status
UK COPR regulatory status
Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires
Not applicable
UK LERAP status
No UK approval for use
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
Not applicable
Listed in EU database
No
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
                 
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
                 
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
                 
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries
ISIceland
NONorway
                 
Additional information
Also used in
-
Chemical structure
Isomerism
None
Chemical formula
C₄H₇NO₂
Canonical SMILES
C1CC1(C(=O)O)N
Isomeric SMILES
-
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)
PAJPWUMXBYXFCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
InChI=1S/C4H7NO2/c5-4(1-2-4)3(6)7/h1-2,5H2,(H,6,7)
2D structure diagram/image available?
Yes
General status
Pesticide type
Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator
Substance groups
Amino acid herbicide; Ethylene emitter
Minimum active substance purity
>98.56%
Known relevant impurities
-
Substance origin
Synthetic
Mode of action
As an ethylene releasing substance it affects the growth and development of plants as well as their senescence.
CAS RN
22059-21-8
EC number
217-162-5
CIPAC number
None allocated
US EPA chemical code
-
PubChem CID
535
CLP index number
No data found
Molecular mass
101.1
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
IUPAC name
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
CAS name
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Other status information
-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)
-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)
-
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)
Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)
Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
White to off-white coloured powder
Formulations
Property
Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
-
Example products using this active
-
Formulation and application details
Usually supplied as wettable granules
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
72000
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
0.2
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Hexane		 -
0.2
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Xylene		 -
0.2
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Dichloromethane		 -
300
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Acetone		 -
Melting point (°C)
Decomposes on melting
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 -
Boiling point (°C)
Decomposes before boiling
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 -
Degradation point (°C)
- - -
Flashpoint (°C)
- - -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
1.26 X 10-03 Calculated -
Log P
-2.9
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 Low
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
- - -
Data type
- - -
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.41
E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
- - -
-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
0.0036
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
- - -
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
P4 - -
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
- - -
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
1.4
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 Non-persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₅₀ (field)
- - -
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₉₀ (field)
- - -
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
- - -
Note
[Canada Health: DT₅₀ range 0.81 days (sandy clay loam) to 3.4 days (sandy loam)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
- - -
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd
-
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 Slightly mobile
Koc
1000
Notes and range
-
Freundlich
Kf
- - -
Kfoc
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
0.15 Calculated Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
3.56 X 10-04 Calculated -
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Medium Calculated -
Potential for loss via drain flow
Slightly mobile Calculated -
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
3.16
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
 Low potential
CT₅₀ (days)
- -
Known metabolites

None
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 4974
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Rat		 Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL
(mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
(ppm diet)
- -
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
343
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Colinus virginianus		 Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)
1712 mg kg⁻¹ BW per day
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Colinus virginianus		 -
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Soil micro-organisms
- - -
Collembola
Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Non-target plants
- - -
- - -
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
> 120.9
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Apis mellifera		 Low
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
> 254.4
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Apis mellifera		 Low
Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic
- - -
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Other bee species (1)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Other bee species (2)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)
- - -
Aquatic ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 117
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Oncorhynchus mykiss		 Low
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 105
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Daphnia magna		 Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
11.3
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Daphnia magna		 Low
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)
0.037
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Pseudokirchneriella subcaptata		 Moderate
Mesocosm study data
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
General
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)
High (class III) - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 4974
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Rat		 Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)
3000
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Rat		 -
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 5.10
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators
4 = Verified data
Rat		 -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints
- - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
Dermal penetration studies (%)
- - -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464
- - -
Exposure Routes
Public
-
Occupational
-
MRLs
European
EU MRL pesticide database 
Great Britain
GB MRL Register 
Notes
-
Drinking Water Standards
- - -
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)
- - -
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate
- - -
Health issues
Specific human health issues
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
XNo, known not to cause a problem
A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
3 = Negative
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative
 No data found
Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant
No data found No data found No data found
Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
XNo, known not to cause a problem
Eye irritant Phototoxicant  
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found  
General human health issues
No information available
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
Not an explosion hazard
Incompatible with strong oxidising agents
CLP classification 2013
health: H315, H319, H335
WHO Classification
-
UN Number
Not regulated
Waste disposal & packaging
-
Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity
The product is chemically and physically stable under usual commercial packaging up to 54 DegC over 14 days
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